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Instrument Reviewers

Amy Schneider; Jenny Gonser, Maddy Hamilton, and Merideth MacRae, Master of Occupational Therapy students of faculty mentor Danbi Lee, PhD, OTD, OTR/L, Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle

Professional Association Recommendation

The ADReS is not recommended in its entirety by any professional association. A component of the ADReS--The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)--is recommended by the Parkinson EDGE Task Force for research and also for entry-level physical therapy instruction in the area of body structure and function. The MoCA was recommended by the TBI EDGE Task Force as a body structure/function measure for patients with traumatic brain injury and also as an outcome measure with which entry-level students should be familiar. (Last searched 7/13/2023)

Considerations

• The ADReS is intended for quick screening and does not require neuropsychological skills for administration.
• English is the only available translation.
• Administrators of the ADReS should be well-versed in all the assessments within the battery.
• There is a clock-drawing test in the ADReS that is in addition to the clock-drawing item on the MoCA, and ADReS administrators should be aware of the different scoring criteria.
• Older versions of the assessment included manual muscle testing (MMT) but this assessment was excluded since it did not correlate with driving performance (Chaudhary et al., 2013).
• The current assessments within ADReS have lower sensitivity compared to alternative batteries (Ott et al., 2013). Many of the assessments included in the battery have separately been associated with driving outcomes but there is a lack of evidence on the combination of these assessments (Chaudhary et al., 2013).
• There is insufficient research on the most recent version of the battery which now includes the MoCA. More prospective studies should be done to properly evaluate older drivers¡¯ skills and the clinical guide recommends ADReS scores should be considered with patient medical history and medication use (Woolnough et. al., 2013).
• The addition of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and maze drawings along with the subtraction of strength testing and clock drawing improved the predictive ability of the ADReS at the expense of an additional 10-15 minutes administration time (Ott et al., 2013).